1 Prelude
8 great ideas
- Design for Moore’s Law （设计紧跟摩尔定律）
- Use Abstraction to Simplify Design (采用抽象简化设计)
- Make the Common Case Fast (加速大概率事件)
- Performance via Parallelism (通过并行提高性能)
- Performance via Pipelining (通过流水线提高性能)
- Performance via Prediction (通过预测提高性能)
- Hierarchy of Memories (存储器层次)
Clock
Clocks per instruction(\(CPI\))
\[
\text{CPU time}=\frac{n_{\text{instruction}}\times CPI}{f_{\text{Clock}}} (s)
\]
时钟频率\(f_{\text{Clock}}\)单位是GHz \(1\text{ GHz}=10^9 \text{ s}^{-1}\)
Circuit cost
- Wafer:
- Die: 一个硅片会被切成很多小块
- Yield: 良率 dies中能用的比例
\(\text{Cost per die}=\frac{\text{Cost per wafer}}{\text{Dies per wafer}\times \text{Yield}}\)
- 面积增大,良率降低